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''Kaleidoscope'' was an underground newspaper that was published in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded by John Kois, radio disk jockey Bob Reitman, and John Sahli (a member of The Shags),〔Robert J. Glessing. ''The Underground Press in America''. (Indiana Univ. Press, 1970), p. 28.〕 it was published from October 6, 1967 to November 11, 1971, printing 105 biweekly issues in all.〔Library of Congress. ''Chronicling America'', (About this newspaper: ''Kaleidoscope'' ). Retrieved March 25, 2010.〕 The paper's first issue was printed with a borrowed $250 in an edition of 3500 copies, which sold out in two days. In the first anniversary issue of ''Kaleidoscope'' a brief history of the paper's origins appeared:
From its first issue, ''Kaleidoscope'' was subject to censorship attempts, including arrest of vendors in some suburbs and a drive to put its printer out of business; one case went to the U.S. Supreme Court (after the newspaper had folded), which ruled in ''Kois v. Wisconsin'' that the newspaper's publication of two photos and a poem entitled “Sex Poem” in an article about censorship did not constitute obscenity.〔(''Kois v. Wisconsin'' 408 US 229 (1972) )〕 "One of the requirements to get on this paper," John Kois told a reporter for ''Rolling Stone'', "is that you have to dig fucking and doping."〔"The underground press: a special report" by John Burks, ''Rolling Stone'', Oct. 4, 1969, p. 11-33.〕 ''Kaleidoscope'' was an affiliate of the Liberation News Service (LNS) and Underground Press Syndicate (UPS). It finally succumbed after four years to a combination of financial pressures, internal factionalism and burn-out. The 1971 death of printer Bill Schanen, who withstood a boycott of his printing business after he started printing the undergrounds on his presses, may also have been a factor in the paper's demise. Schanen's son continued to print the paper but refused to extend any more credit. With the paper $15,000 in debt to 42 creditors, and revenues sinking fast, it soon folded.〔(Zetteler's History of Milwaukee's Kaleidoscope ) by Mike Zetteler. ''Zonyx Report'', retrieved Oct. 7, 2010.〕 At various times, ''Kaleidoscope'' also published several sister papers around the upper Midwest: the ''Chicago Kaleidoscope'' (first issue dated Nov. 22-Dec. 5 1968, later merged with the ''Chicago Seed''); ''Omaha Kaleidoscope''; ''Fox Valley Kaleidoscope'' (based in Oshkosh, Wisconsin), and the ''Madison Kaleidoscope''. There was also a short-lived affiliate in Indianapolis. These papers shared a common printer (Bill Schanen in Port Washington, Wisconsin), and sold advertising space to national advertisers that ran in all the active papers of the chain. Each ran local and hard news in a front section which was combined with a shared second section edited in Milwaukee, containing less parochial material (mostly arts and culture) derived or reprinted from national and syndicated sources. This latter "Part II" was also sold to other underground newspapers to be used as a supplement to their local content. Advertising revenue from this source was greatly diminished starting in 1969 after the FBI allegedly pressured advertisers such as Columbia Records to quit running advertisements in the underground press; although some observers have also attributed the sharp falloff in record company advertising which was experienced by all of the underground press to the rise of specialized rock music papers like ''Rolling Stone.〔Milwaukee ''Sentinel'' 3-16-1981〕 ''Kaleidoscope'' also operated two peripheral businesses in Milwaukee: the Granfalloon coffeehouse, and the Interabang bookstore at 1668 N. Warren Ave. After ''Kaleidoscope'' ceased publication in late 1971 a number of staffers joined the ''Bugle-American''. Kois ended up working for Al Goldstein's ''Screw'' magazine. 〔 Reitman continued to work as a radio personality in Milwaukee, where he is still on the radio one night a week as of August 2014. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaleidoscope (newspaper)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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